
The timeline was as follows:
July 2: Sent application FedEx priority overnight
July 3: App arrived to the consulate (first thing that morning)
July 4: US holiday (Independence Day, lol), consulate closed
July 5: at the end of the day, I received an email that my application was received and was being processed. It seems a safe assumption that this was the point where it had been assigned to an ECO.
July 9: Almost first thing this morning, I received a second email that my application was approved and the visa has been issued!

I sent:
1) A covering letter which requested a post-dated visa to start on August 10th and listed all of the documents I included, with additional covering letters for each section
2) The printed EC application (applied and paid online)...I almost forgot to sign it before sending - oops!
3) My current passport (and an explanation for the absence of my old one)
4) My original HSMP approval letter, all of the supporting documents I included in my HSMP application (except I only included a copy of my driver's license) and in this section's covering letter, I quoted the breakdown of my awarded points
5) 6 months' bank statements showing funds and a printout of my car's market value (I'll be selling it before I move)
6) My CV, 3 printouts of relevant job adverts with listed salaries and a few printouts of email correspondence with a friend and colleague based in London, showing that he has offered to assist me in my job search.
While I did list a specific hotel as my intended initial accommodations on the EC application itself, I did not include an actual hotel booking.
Amy